Palaeoecological aspects of an Ukrainian Upper Holocene chernozem
Abstract
A physicochemical, palynological and chronological analysis of a soil profile corresponding to a Haplic Chernozem (FAO, 2015) developed in the Ukrainian steppe allow the interpretation of recent environmental changes that have conditioned its formation. Uniformed under the blackening process, its surface horizon dark color contrasts with yellowish color loessic parental material; it is decarbonated and the organic carbon content on the surface is 2.24%.The texture is silty in surface but sandy in lower horizon denoting a clear wind selection and an energy change in aeolian sedimentation processes. The clays present similar values in the three analyzed horizons. The presence of two discontinuities in the profile has made it possible to distinguish a very sandy blackened horizon of 2500 +/- 25cal BP chronologies from another silty surface and black chromas of age 1336–1256 cal BP. A total of fifteen pollen types have been identified; superficial horizon (A11) has a high presence of pollen of the Amaranthaceae type, the Poaceae are the most abundant and Quercus gender is identified. The sandy horizon (2A/B) shows Poaceas, Pinus, and Oleaceas presence together pollen of Rosaceas type (14%). Pollen data reveal vegetative changes in the three horizons with the presence of even non-existent species today, linked both to recent anthropic-climatic and holocene-type changes on a millennial scale since the last glacial period.
References
Cámara, R. (2004). Escalonamiento bioclimático, regímenes ecodinámicos y formaciones vegetales de la Isla de La Española en República Dominicana. Estudios en Biogeografía 2004. Terrassa, España. Publications of Universitat Girona, 39–58 (in Spanish).
Cámara, R., Martínez, J. R., Díaz del Olmo, F. (2005). Desarrollo sostenible y Medio Ambiente en República Dominicana. Medios Naturales, manejo histórico, conservación y protección. Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos (CSIC) y Universidad de Sevilla. Madrid, 280 pp. (in Spanish).
Dearing, J. A. (1999). Environmental magnetic susceptibility: using the Bartington MS2 system 2nd. Edi. Chi. Publ. Kenilworth, United Kingdom.
Duchaufour, Ph. (1975). Edafología. Edit. Toray-Masson. Barcelona, 476 pp.
Dupré Olivier, M. (1979). Breve manual de análisis polínico. Instituto Juan Sebastián Elcano CSIC, Valencia (in Spanish).
FAO (1977). Guía para la descripción de perfiles de suelo. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Roma, 70 pp. (in Spanish).
FAO (2015). World reference base for soil resource 2014. International soil classification system for naming soils creating legends for soil maps. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Roma, 193 pp.
López-Sáez, J. A., López García, P., Burjachs, F. (2003). Arqueopalinología: síntesis crítica. Polen, 12, 5–35.
M.A.P.A. (1986). Métodos de análisis del Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Public. Secretaría General Técnica. Madrid (in Spanish).
Martín-Consuegra, E. (1996). Arqueopalinología y etnobotánica. Monografías del Real Jardín Botánico de Córdoba, 3, 23–31 (in Spanish).
Munsell, C. (1990). Munsell Soil Color Charts. Koll Morgen Instrument Corporation. Maryland (EE. UU.).
Nuñez Granados, M. A., Dueñas Lopez, M. A., Perevoznick, I., Recio Espejo, J. M. (1997). Un estudio comparativo entre Tierras Negras Andaluzas y Chernozems ucranianos. Cuaternario Ibérico, 355–359 (in Spanish).
Recio Espejo, J. M., Kotovich, A., Masyuk, A., Gorban, V., Díaz del Olmo, F. (2018). A comparative study of ukranian chernozems, chilean andosols and andalusian black earth. Ecological studies of forest ecosystems of the steppe zone of Ukraine: Extended Abstracts. International Conference, Ukraine, Dnipro, 71.
Recio, J. M., Kotovich, A., Diaz del Olmo, F., Gorban, V., Masyuk, A., Camara, R. (2019a). About the palaeoecological significance of Ukrainian Chernozems. Proceeding of the International scientific-practical conference dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of Professor A. P. Travleev. 20–23.
Recio Espejo, J. M., Diaz del Olmo, F., Serrano Espinosa, A., Borja Barrera, C. (2019b). Determinant physical-chemical parameters for the black color in tirsification processes. Proceeding of the International scientific-practical conference dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of Professor A. P. Travleev. 18–19.
Sims, J. R., Haby,V. A. (1971). Simplied colorimetric determination of soil organic matter. Soil Sci, CXII, 137–141.
Soil Survey England and Wales (1982). Soil Survey laboratory methods. Technical monographs nº6. Harpenden (England). 83 pp.